By eric | September 24, 2007 - 9:04 pm - Posted in 娱乐::Fun

2007年9月1日,成都市面积最大、设施最完备、学生容量最大的公
办高中横空出世:成都市树德中学光华校区举行了落成及开学典礼。政府出资
2.28亿元打造,堪称豪华。树德中学光华校区的启用,标志着成都市“名校扩建工程”正式拉开帷幕,该市另外两所著名的国家级示范性高中—-七中和石
室中学的扩建,也已然涛声隐隐。

名校扩建,在北京、武汉等地也如雨后春笋,武汉市提出要将进入“优质高中”的学生比例扩大到70%以上。


进入这些当地顶级重点高中读书,是老百姓梦寐以求的喜事。因此,当地教育部门理所当然地将名校扩建视为“教育惠民工程”。但不少人对此持反对意见:这将导
致强校更强、弱校更弱,有悖“教育均衡”原则,同时抹杀基础教育人才培养的丰富性、多元性,为“在千军万马中挤上高考独木桥”的应试教育火上加油。

政府斥巨资扶植“强者”重点高中扩建“巨无霸”

2007年3月宣布的“名校扩建工程”,对于成都市少数几所顶级重点高中和绝大多数高中来说,绝对是一喜一忧。


都市最负盛名的三所国家级示范性高中—-四中(石室中学)、七中和九中(树德中学),将大规模“扩军”。其中,新建成的树德中学光华校区,是成都市实
施“名校扩建战略”迈出的第一步。扩建后,树德中学将形成现校区和光华校区。据介绍,树德中学光华校区初定规模为81个教学班,2007年秋季招收高一新
生24个班,并全部实行小班制、寄宿制管理。其中面向城区统一招生12个班,学生480名;面向14个郊区县招收六个班,学生240名;学校自主招生六个
班,学生240名。

成都市教育局副局长
蒋平透露说,石室中学、七中的扩建工作也已提到议事日程。“石室中学的原地扩建工作已进入拆迁阶段,将在原校基础上增加20
亩;成都七中的南迁扩建工程正在规划之中。除成都市区内的名校外,包括成都郊区县,如温江区温江中学等都将逐步进入扩建招生阶段。

成都市“名校扩建工程”将由国家财政买单。已经落成并投入使用的树德中学光华校区,由政府投资2.28亿元打造而成,按官方正式说法,“是目前成都市城区公办中学中占地面积最大、整体布局最合理、功能用房最完善、内部设施最先进的现代化学校”。

面对顶级重点高中的纷纷“扩军”,大多数高中学校则表现出无奈。成都市一所二类重点高中校长坦言,目前他们学校高中每年招生大概500人,“树德扩建后一年近千人的招生规模,的确可能使其他二类重点、一般高中的生源严重受挫。”

与此同时,成都不少郊区县学校也表现出同样的担忧:“成都目前有16所国家级示范性重点高中,如果每个学校都按照树德的规模扩建,并在区县广泛招生,势必会形成对区县优质生源的抢夺,到时区县高中的发展将举步维艰!”

教育惠民背后的“应试教育”隐忧

名列“名校扩建工程”的成都市三所重点高中,对于普通老百姓的诱惑力是惊人的。一些教育专家对此却表示出担忧。

在不同版本的民间传说中,这三所学校的门槛之高,已经达到被“神化”的程度。据说有个发了大财的包工头背了一大包钱,找到其中一所学校的校长,要求捐资助学,惟一要求是让其学习成绩不算差的儿子进入该校读书,结果被拒绝,因为想缴钱进入这些学校的人确实太多。

三所名校扩建对成都普通市民来说,完全可以用“喜出望外”来形容。接受采访的成都市民普遍表示,政府出资扩大优质高中教育的覆盖范围,是件好事。很多家长认为,名校扩建了,娃娃上好高中、上重点大学的机会就会增加。


此,很多人把“名校扩建工程”看成“教育惠民工程”。蒋平表示,树德中学光华校区的建成将进一步巩固该市普及高中阶段教育的成果,扩大优质高中学位,让更
多的孩子进入优质高中就学,是一项实实在在的教育惠民工程。成都市教育局一位负责人分析说,老百姓心中是把高中分了层的,四中、七中、九中处在第一圈层,
“当第一圈层的招生规模扩大,第二圈层的生源就会被大量吸引到第一圈层去;第三圈层的学生又去填补第二圈层的空缺……”随着优质教育资源的扩大,将有更多
家庭的学生能进入这些好的学校学习。


些教育专家对此却表示出担忧:家长们追逐名校,无非是因为其高考升学率高。国内很多知名重点高中,不可否认,在素质教育方面有自己独到之处,但总体来说,
它们是在长期的“应试教育”特别是在惨烈的“高考大战”中打拼出来的,在素质教育普遍没有得到推行的当下,重点高中事实上成为“应试教育”的坚强堡垒。


川大学中文系博士生导师阎嘉教授说:“政府斥巨资扩建名校,表面上是满足了普通老百姓对优质教育资源的需求,但实质上满足的是对应试教育的渴求。”四川省
社会科学院研究员胡光伟认为,优质教育资源并不完全等同于重点学校,因为国内重点高中的评定机制,事实上是与高考升学率息息相关的,所以,扩张优质教育资
源,并不只是对重点高中的扩建。

“锄弱扶强”是否有悖“教育公平”?

专家认为,简单地让名校建分校,只能使不同学校之间的两极分化更加严重,人为加重校际之间的不均衡,这是教育不公平的表现。

点击图片看原样大小图片





政府财政拨款2.28亿元打造的树德中学光华校区,可谓成都市公办中学中的豪华学校。

点击图片看原样大小图片





树德中学光华校区的钟楼。

“名校扩建”的本质是优质教育资源扩张,但这种扩张方式遭到一些人的反对。他们认为,优质教育资源理想的扩张方式,应该是“以强带弱”,而不是 “锄弱扶强”;简单地让名校建分校,只能使不同学校之间的两极分化更加严重,人为加重校际之间的不均衡,这是教育不公平的表现。


位全国知名的教育专家认为,扩大优质教育资源,最好是由名校兼并薄弱学校,然后由总校派名师过去,培训他们那里原有的教师。“名校扩建,如果造成外地中学
大量师资流出,外地学校就会伤筋动骨、陷入困境,这样就形成了恶性循环,不利于教育发展。要实现教育公平,不能简单地名校建分校;很多大城市都在搞,效果
并不好。”

今年“两会”期间,中国教育学会会长顾明远接受记者采访时表示:“我反对把学校办得过大。中小学最大的学生规模最好是1000人左右,那种5000人、上万人的学校是不符合教育规律的。”

“名
校扩建”,对一些普通高中的师资和生源流失造成了较大影响。成都市一所中学的副校长忧虑地说:普通学校优秀的教师本来就不多,如果都跳槽到名校,只留下一
些水平一般的教师授课,会不会产生“马太效应”?“好的老师都去名校了,名校里也都是些尖子生。对力量相对薄弱的学校而言,如何培养优秀的学生?那不是强
者更强,弱者更弱?”

而教育主管部门对此却有自己的看法。蒋平说,教育部门只在义务教育阶段要求均衡教育,高中阶段属非义务教育,这跟国家推进均衡教育的思路是没有冲突的。目前成都市的中学存在着校点偏多、校均规模偏小的现象,把优质高中、品牌教育做大做强,是一件让老百姓得实惠的好事。

树德中学副校长毛道生认为:“名校扩建不是‘狼来了’,而是在竞争中提高自己。”在名校扩建的局势下,他建议普通中学走个性化办学道路。

SAN FRANCISCO — Microsoft
Corp. is in talks with Facebook Inc. about making an investment in the
social-networking startup that could value Facebook at $10 billion or
more, according to people familiar with the matter.

The talks set up another likely face-off between tech titans: Google Inc. has also expressed strong interest in a possible Facebook investment, said people familiar with the matter.

Microsoft’s approach to Facebook in recent weeks with
proposals to invest in the fast-growing site is part of the software
giant’s effort to catch up with the Internet rival Google. If
successful, Microsoft’s talks with Facebook could give it an up-to-5%
stake in the closely-held startup—a stake potentially valued at roughly
$300 million to $500 million, the people familiar with those talks said.

The people familiar with the matter said that the
discussions are still preliminary and Facebook could wind up not taking
an investment from either Microsoft or Google. Factors in the
discussions include the valuation the suitors would offer to Facebook
and other business considerations they could contribute to sweeten any
deal.

A Facebook spokeswoman and a Microsoft spokesman
declined to comment. A Google spokesman could not immediately be
reached for comment.

Facebook, which is used by over 40 million people to
set up their own personal Web pages, to communicate with each other and
to share photos and videos, has emerged as the poster child for the
latest Internet wave. An investment in Facebook could give Microsoft or
Google greater opportunities to tie their services in with Facebook at
a time when they’ve both recognized that social networking is changing
how consumers tap into their core activities, such as Web search and
email.

The Facebook approach is also part of Microsoft’s
urgent attempt to strengthen its ad “platform,” which lets advertisers
automatically place ads on Web sites and on Microsoft’s Internet search
engine.

[Mark Zuckerberg]

Microsoft’s platform strategy isn’t unique: Google and Yahoo
Inc. are also racing to establish their platforms as the broker of
choice for hundreds of thousands of advertisers on millions of Web
sites. That approach has taken on urgency as users and advertisers
increasingly spend time and dollars on sites besides the big,
established Web portals. Facebook itself is working on an ad platform
that would let marketers target users with ads based on their personal
information, using an automated Web-based system, according to people
familiar with the matter.

Microsoft and Facebook may also expand an exclusive
agreement signed last year under which Microsoft serves display ads to
Facebook, according to a person familiar with the matter. That existing
agreement covers only the U.S. and expires in 2011, but the companies
are discussing whether to extend it for a longer period and expand it
beyond the U.S., this person said. This person said that Facebook has
also discussed possible ad relationships with Google, though the
existing Microsoft agreement limits the options.

Facebook, meanwhile, is considering raising as much as
$500 million in cash that could be used for acquisitions, investing in
computer infrastructure and adding to its roughly 300-person headcount,
said the people familiar with the company.

Facebook has indicated that it might hold out for a
higher valuation – as much as $15 billion – than Microsoft is willing
to agree on, the people said. Such a move could attach a high value to
any Facebook pre-IPO shares it would use in acquisitions, to its
advantage.

Facebook is also considering raising funds from
financial investors, in addition to or instead of an investment from a
strategic investor like Microsoft or Google, one person said. The
company has so far raised about $40.7 million from venture-capital
firms including Founders Fund, Accel Partners and Greylock Partners.

Microsoft has considered trying to buy the company
outright, but people familiar with the matter said it’s unlikely at
this time. Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg has steadfastly kept his
company independent with the goal of eventually taking the company
public. In a round of negotiations last year, Mr. Zuckerberg rebuffed
acquisition approaches from Microsoft, Yahoo and others.